HAN 60

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Harmful Algae News An IOC Newsletter on Toxic Algae and Algal Blooms No. 60 - July 2018 www.ioc-unesco.org/hab Marine eukaryote and HAB monitoring in Japan with next generation technology Sequencing technologies such as Illumina MiSeq have made it possible to obtain billions of sequence reads in a single experiment. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is revolutionizing surveys of eukaryotic diversity, including harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. This technology enables us to detect several hundreds of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of eukaryotes from seawater samples and facilitates the detection of low-abundance populations in complex eukaryote communities. The eastern part of Hokkaido facing the Okhotsk Sea is where the coldest water (2C) flows in from Sakhalin in the winter. The marine ecosystem in this area has been considered sensitive to perturbations in environmental conditions. Mombetsu city is thus recognized as the most important monitoring base for observing plankton biodiversity in (n = 112) the coldest waters of Japan. Plankton biodiversity has been performed using MPS-based technology once a week, from April 2012 until present day at Mombetsu city. The Mombetsu city office also has carried out daily environmental monitoring such as water temperature and salinity since 1996, and morphology-based monitoring of zooplankton sampled using nets more than once a week since 1997. In this study, a monitoring survey of eukaryote biodiversity using the MPS-based technique was performed. Surprisingly, many HAB species were detected in northern Hokkaido. Water temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-fluorescence were measured weekly with a CTD from April 10 2012 to June 2, 2014 (n = 112) at the Okhotsk tower in Okhotsk Sea (Mombetsu city, Japan) (4420.22N, 14322.85E) and Nov Jan Content Oct Dec Sep Feb MDS2 Mar Aug Apr May Jul Jun MDS1 Fig. 1. A plot of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis for the eukaryotic biodiversity survey using the MPS-based technique in the seawater samples of Okhotsk Sea. The similarity index was calculated using the Jaccard index. Invited contribution: Monitoring in Japan with NGTs (Satoshi Nagai)..................... 1 Dinoflagellate cysts in sediments: a response to Anderson 2018 (Barrie Dale)...... 4 Benthic HABs CFP and marine invertebrates in French Polynesia.......................... SPATT technology to monitor Gambierdiscus toxins....................... Ostreopsis distribution in the Bay of Biscay.......................... Ostreopsis blooms in Lisbon Bay 6 8 10 11 Other HAB events Fertilizer tank breakdown and Pseudo-nitzschia bloom.................. 13 Prymnesium parvum bloom in southwest India............................ 15 HAB Training and Networking Regional Workshop on Benthic HABs.......................... 16 Workshop on morpho-molecular methods for dinoflagellate cysts. 17 Cawthron Summer Scholar and Cyanobacteria............................ 18 Canadian HAB Workshop.............. 19 New: GEOHAB book......................... 20 Forthcoming 12 APC course ................................... 21 18 ICHA Conference . ...................... 22 A follow-up special session on dinoflagellate cysts is scheduled during the ICHA 2018 in Nantes, and will ensure the transfer of expertise and uptake of methods internationally (see p. 17). Anyone interested in this session can contact: Kenneth. mertens@ifremer.fr or Kirsty. Smith@cawthron.org.nz Harmful Algae News An IOC Newsletter on Toxic Algae and Algal Blooms No. 60 - July 2018 www.ioc-unesco.org/hab Marine eukaryote and HAB monitoring in Japan with next generation technology Sequencing technologies such as Illumina MiSeq have made it possible to obtain billions of sequence reads in a Frequency distribution (%) the surface data was used in this study. Surface seawater (0.5 L) was collected weekly with a plastic bucket during the same period. For MPS-based monitoring based on amplicon-seq of 18S-rRNA gene (V79 region), PCR amplification and 454 pyrosequencing were performed accor Inland Sea, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-045, Japan Hiroshi Shimada, Central Fisheries Research Institute of Hokkaido Research Organization, Hamanaka-cho 238, Yoichi, Hokkaido 0468555, Japan Seiji Katakura, City of Mombetsu, Kaiyo-koryukan, Kaiyo-koen, Mombetsu, Hokkaido 094-0031, Jap Quantifying dinoflagellate cysts in bottom sediments: a response to Anderson 2018 Problems associated with quantifying dinoflagellate cysts in bottom sediments featured prominently in Don Anderson s personal retrospective view of his contribution to the early days of HAB cyst research published rece viously, sample sites should be chosen to avoid such areas if possible. Clearly, there is room for questions or criticism when this dynamic system is modelled from the assumption that bottom sediments, for example in Anderson s work in The Gulf of Maine, are in a static stable condition whereby a sa Contribution of marine invertebrates to Ciguatera poisoning : the case study of French Polynesia Reported as early as the 15th century by explorers, ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is the most prominent non-bacterial seafood poisoning worldwide. Widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, CFP res au développement du phytoplancton ciguatérigène en Polynésie française: CARISTO-Pf n7937/MSR/REC of 4th of December 2015 and Arrêté nHC/491/ DIE/BPT of 30th March 2016). Figure 2. Comparison of Pacific ciguatoxins (P-CTXs) profiles in A) in vitro cultures of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (TB-92 [14]) Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology for field monitoring of Gambierdiscus toxins with passive samplers Ciguatera poisoning is a seafood intoxication classically associated with the consumption of tropical coral reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs), although some marine Fig. 2. Summary of the results demonstrating that SPATT passive sampling could advantageously contribute to the reinforcement of ciguateric risk assessment and management programmes as a supplementary tool. or of very low densities of toxic Gambierdiscus cells. However, CTXs were detected in numero New limits of Ostreopsis distribution in the Bay of Biscay: a first report of Ostreopsis in Santander Bay, Cantabria (Northern Spain) Fig. 1. Location of sampling sites The genus Ostreopsis encompasses benthic dinoflagellates that represent one of the main microalgal threats for beach tourism in w Bloom of Ostreopsis cf. siamensis in Lisbon Bay Fig. 1. Sampling sites on Lisbon Bay Reports of benthic HAB events have increased during the last decade in temperate regions. These have been associated with proliferations of benthic toxic dinoflagellates, in particular species of Ostreopsis. The M Table1 1- List - List the macroalgaecommunity communityspecies species Table ofof the macroalgae ITSA and ITSB primers [6]. Phylogenetic analysis (not Asparagopsis armata Corallina sp. shown) revealed that all the Caulacanthus ustulatus Cystoseira sp. studied sequences grouped Ceramiacea Derbesia s A possible link between the breakdown of a fertilizer tank and a toxic Pseudonitzschia bloom fishery, leaving toxic blooms undetected in other areas. By the time of the bloom, the diatom community primarily consisted of P. seriata (Fig. 3). Identification of P. seriata as the potential culprit diat Fig. 3. Pseudo-nitzschia seriata TEM micrograph of the poroid structure arranged within the striae consisting of two outer rows of larger poroids and one or two inner rows of smaller poroids. induce DA production in P. australis [7], and the most potent DA-inducing N form has been shown to be urea. Golden alga Prymnesium parvum Carter bloom off Azhikode, southwest India In September 2009, during the southwest monsoon season, a quasi-monospecific bloom of Prymnesium parvum was collected off Azhikode (10o 11 02 N; 76o 09 22 E), on the southwest coast of India (Fig. 1). A conspicuous pale browni Regional Workshop on Monitoring and Management Strategies for Benthic HABs if possible, establish tools for standardized procedures. The exercise is open to the entire international community. The goal of achieving improved assessments of the risks associated with BHABs will help reduce the health, Workshop on morpho-molecular methods for the study of dinoflagellate cysts A workshop on techniques for the morphological and molecular identification of cysts from toxic HAB species, led by Drs Kenneth Neil Mertens, Kirsty Smith, Lesley Rhodes and Lincoln MacKenzie, was held recently at the Cawthro Cawthron Summer Scholar Explores Bloom-Forming Freshwater Cyano bacteria Globally, cyanobacteria blooms in freshwater environments are causing water quality problems and health risks with increasing frequency. New Zealand is no stranger to this, suffering from blooms of toxin-producing cyanobacteria Canadian HAB Scientists Hold Workshop to Establish National Priorities and Develop Research Network A National Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) workshop was organized and chaired by Dr. Ian Perry at the Institute of Ocean Sciences (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Sidney, British Columbia, July 11- Joint FAO, IAEA, IOC and WHO Technical Meeting for the development of an InterAgency Global Ciguatera Strategy Harmful Algae News has previously brought information on an initiative between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Environment Laboratories in Monaco jointly with the Oceanographi 12th Advanced Phytoplankton Course - APC 12 Identification, Taxonomy, Systematics Roscoff Biological Station (France) - 19th May to 8th June 2019 APC12 is organized by the Station Biologique de Roscoff together with the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn and the IOC Science and Communication Centre on H ICHA 2018 News: 669 abstracts evaluated ! 250 orals + 45 ignite talks selected and participants notified ICHA 2018 News: 669 abstracts evaluated ! 9 plenaries confirmed 250 orals + 45 ignite talks selected and participants notified 3 satellite sessions 9 plenaries confirmed 3 satellite sessions