CENPERM Annual Report 2018

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Højdepunkter 2018 Højdepunkterne for CENPERM i 2018 omfatter tre eksempler på intensivt feltarbejde og laboratorie-inkubationer, samt hvordan disse to komponenter kan integreres i procesmodellering. De udvalgte artikler beskæftiger sig med studier af (1) produktion af flygtige organiske forbindelser (VOCer), (2) flerårige målinger af rodvækst i forsøgsfelter hvor økosystemet er manipuleret, samt (3) anvendelsen af feltdata i en biogeokemisk procesmodel, hvori økosystemets funktionalitet og stabilitet undersøges. 1. Når permafrostlag tør, stiger den biologiske aktivitet, hvilket medfører en mulig produktion og frigivelse af klimarelevante gasser. Dette er påvist for kuldioxid, metan og lattergas. Nu viser et nyt studie offentliggjort af Kramshøj et al. i Nature Communications (2018), at mikroorganismer i permafrost der tør spiller en væsentlig rolle i produktionen af et stort antal forskelligartede VOCer. Man ved, at VOCer afgives fra planter for bl.a. at modvirke insektangreb og for at kommunikere med andre individer af planten. Men man ved meget lidt om afgivelse af VOCer fra sedimenter. Det nye studie påviser, at betydelige mængder af ethanol og metanol samt mere end 300 andre organiske forbindelser kan produceres og afgives fra permafrostprøver fra Grønland under optøning. Endnu mere overraskende er det, at VOCerne, der afgives fra tøende permafrost, muligvis ikke afgives til atmosfæren, fordi resultaterne også viser, at ikke-frosne jordlag over permafrostzonen er i stand til at nedbryde VOCerne lige så hurtigt, som de afgives fra permafrosten der tør. Derfor er den faktiske afgivelse af VOCer fra tøende permafrost til atmosfæren tæt forbundet med processer, som foregår i jordlagene mellem permafrosten og atmosfæren. 2. I våde økosystemer, som er vidt udbredt i Arktis, udgør underjordisk plantebiomasse (rødderne) langt den største del af planterne. Det betyder at rodvækst spiller en afgørende faktor i næringsstofkredsløbet og kulstofbudgettet. I Frontiers in Plant Science (2018) kunne DImperio et al. kvantificere effekten af en øget rodvækst som resultat af en øget ophobning af sne of vinteren ved snehegn, en sommeropvarmning med kunstige glas-drivhus og en kombination. Undersøgelserne foregik i et vådområde på øen Disko i Vestgrønland. I løbet af vækstsæsonen 2014 viser målinger af rodvækst ved brug af såkaldte minirhizotroner, at rodvæksten fortsætter ud over den almindelige vækstsæson, og at plots, som udsættes for opvarmning på forsøgsbasis, viser en betydelig øgning i både antallet af rødder samt af røddernes længde. Herudover viser plots med øget snemængde en signifikant reduktion af rodtykkelsen. Resultaterne indikerer, at sådanne økosystemer hurtigt kan tilpasse sig ændringer i lufttemperatur og nedbør. Således kan varmere somre medføre øget roddybde og ophobning af kulstof i jorden, mens øget vintersne kan reducere rodproduktionen eller favorisere bestemte arter af planter gennem en afkortning af vækstsæsonen eller øget recirkulering af næringsstoffer. 3. Kulstofkredsløb i jorden i den nordligste arktiske tundra afhænger af økosystemets reaktion på, at klimaet bliver varmere, samt afledte ændringer i de miljømæssige forhold. Der er imidlertid kun få studier, der har til formål at kvantificere det langsigtede kulstofbudget i den nordligste arktiske tundra, ganske enkelt pga. mangel på tilstrækkelige målinger. I Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences (2018) er Zhang et al. de første til at bruge en lang tids- ME T s tation in Nar sar suaq, South Greenland. Photo: Bo Elber ling 8 CENPERM Annual Report 2018 ANNUAL REPORT 2018 CENPERM Center for Permafrost Field sites Brønlundhus Qaanaaq Svalbard Longyearbyen Greenland Zackenberg Disko Qajaa Sweden Kangerlussuaq Nuuk Narsarsuaq Abisko Sermilik Directors welcome Visions and aims Highlights 2018 Højdepunk ter 2018 Revealing the tundras secrets from space Publications & conferences Communication & outreach Educational activities Ongoing research projects & graduate students International collaborators & funding CENPERM staff 3 4 6 8 10 12 1 2 CENPERM Annual Report 2018 Directors welcome 2018 was a very busy year dominated by the activities reflecting CENPERMs next phase. Several new PhD projects have been initiated focussing on changes in precipitation and water movement across the landscape, transport and availability of nutrients and ecosystems responses. The im Visions and aims Center for Permafrost Microbial activity Plant ecology CENPERM Permafrost soil & landscape dynamics CENPERM integrates multidisciplinary research of biogeochemical and physical processes in a climate-vegetation-soil-microorganismpermafrost approach in transects across the major c CENPERM Annual Report 2018 5 Highlights 2018 CENPERM highlights of 2018 include examples of intensive fieldwork and laboratory incubations and how these two components can be integrated in process modelling. Three papers below highlight the benefits of plot level based studies of volatile organic compound (VOC) production, mult budget for a typical and wide-spread heathlandtype ecosystem in Greenland. Two main results can be highlighted: (1) more than 13% of the carbon turnover measured as respiration occurs during the non-growing season and (2) the ecosystem is overall a weak C sink without any significant changes to be n Højdepunkter 2018 Højdepunkterne for CENPERM i 2018 omfatter tre eksempler på intensivt feltarbejde og laboratorie-inkubationer, samt hvordan disse to komponenter kan integreres i procesmodellering. De udvalgte artikler beskæftiger sig med studier af (1) produktion af flygtige organiske forbindelser serie af CO2-flux målinger i Nordøstgrønland til at kalibrere og validere en procesorienteret model (CoupModel). Dette muliggør en unik kvantificering af forskellige elementer i kulstofregnskabet for økosystemet i et tundralandskab, der er en typisk landskabstype for store dele af Grønland. To hoved Revealing the tundras secrets from space by Mojtaba Karami, PhD student, CENPERM, University of Copenhagen Dozens of spaceborne platforms are currently imaging the earths surface, and this number is only expected to grow over the coming years. Using the wealth of data these instruments create, we c tion of these processes to be able to upscale them from the field level to larger extents, for example the entire landscape, region or the Arctic. Tools like fixed cameras, drones, and flux towers help us to gain highly detailed and reliable estimates of the landscapelevel dynamics, but they can do Publications & conferences Akperov, M., Rinke, A., Mokhov, I. I., Matthes, H., Semenov, V. A., Adakudlu, M.,... Zhang, W. (2018). Cyclone activity in the Arctic from an ensemble of regional climate models (Arctic CORDEX). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, 2537-2554. Cable, S., Chris archaeological and environmental archives of the Arctic. Antiquity 92, 573-586. Karami, M., Westergaard-Nielsen, A., Normand, S., Treier, U., Elberling, B., Hansen, B.U. (2018). A phenology-based approach to the classification of Arctic tundra ecosystems in Greenland. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry Schmidt, N.M., Mosbacher, J.B., Vesterinen, E.J., Roslin, T., Michelsen, A. (2018). Limited dietary overlap amongst resident Arctic herbivores in winter: complementary insights from complementary methods. Oecologia 187, 689-699. Scott, D.L., Bradley, R.L., Bellenger, J.-P., Houle, D., Gundale, M.J., Technical reports Invited speakers Lund, M., Sigsgaard, C., Abermann, J. Skov, K., Friborg, T., Hansen, B.U. (2018). Extreme rain event what are consequences for Arctic Ecosystems. In: Christensen, T.R. & Topp-Jørgensen, E. Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Annual Report Cards 2017. Danish Centre for Communication & outreach CENPERM continued its series of weekly talks at the Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management. These seminars were also held for PhD students and postdocs to present specific parts of their work, to create a forum for sharing of knowledge, problems, and solut Elberling, B. Klima og permafrost i Nordøstgrønland: Når plantevækst og permafrost er to sider af samme sag. Gentoftes Kulturnat (Det Grønlandske Selskab), Charlottenlund. Sep. 28. Elberling, B. Klima og permafrost i Grønland. Offentligt foredrag i Videnskabernes Selskab, København. Dec. 3. http://w Oct. 4. Jörg Schaller, Assistant professor, University Bayreuth, Environmental Geochemistry. Silicon and calcium effects on permafrost phosphorus mobilization, implications for soil respiration. Oct. 11. Benny Guralnik, Postdoc, CAPRES A/S & DTU Nanotech. Novel methods for environmental palaeo-therm Educational activities CENPERMs activities in 2018 include a number of educational efforts. These include both arctic field courses and classic university courses at the basic and advanced levels at the University of Copenhagen. In addition to course taught, a number of M.Sc. theses have been superv Arctic biology, Dept. of Biology, University of Copenhagen, spring, R. Rinnan, A. Michelsen, A. Priemé. Arctic nature and society, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, spring, B. Elberling. Climate change and biogeochemical cycles. Dept. of Biology, University of Copenhag Ongoing research projects & graduate students Like previous years, a special Master theses workshop was held in March with discussion and presentations of projects in progress. A number of the master students participated in the CENPERM fieldwork in Greenland and Northern Sweden. Postdoctoral projec Ongoing PhD projects at CENPERM 2018 Baggesen, Nanna: Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from a subarctic heath ecosystem, using a PTR-MS that allows for diurnal measurements on a fine time resolution. Supervisor: Riikka Rinnan. Fenger-Nielsen, Rasmus: Predicting and mapping en Ongoing MSc projects at CENPERM 2018 Andersen, Emil Alexander Sherman: Vegetation analysis and soil biogeochemical characteristics in the Nuuk region, Greenland in relation to archaeological sites and climate change. Supervisors: Anders Michelsen and Bo Elberling. Frendrup, Laura Lønstrup: The impac Ryde, Amalie: Herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds, and changes through an elevation gradient, induced by winter moth on mountain birch in the Subarctic, Tromsø. Supervisors: Riikka Rinnan and Elizabeth Jakobsen Neilson. Skardhamar, Mira Nordsmark: Climate change impacts on tundra litter BVO International collaborators & funding Research activities at CENPERM are linked to a number of well-established international arctic networks. These cooperation agreements are supplemented by a strong affiliation to internationally recognized researchers. CENPERM has continuously extended the inter Northern Arizona University and OEB Harvard University, USA: Analyzing phenocam images. Scientific publication. Russian Academy of Science, Russia: M. G. Akperov. Arctic cyclones. Scientific publications. Stanford University, USA: A. Ahlström. Modelling large-scale C cycle. Stockholm University, Swe University of Oslo, Department of Geosciences, Norway: B. Etzelmuller, S. Westermann. Permafrost modelling. O. Humlum; Field work (and data analyses) of geomorphology at Disko, W. Greenland. University of Montana, USA: F. Gilman. Disko soil microbial studies. University of Sherbrooke, Canada: J.P. B Private Danish funding Velux Foundation: REMAINS of Greenland (REsearch and Management of Archaeological sites IN a changing environment and Society). Grant holder: Jørgen Hollesen. On behalf of CENPERM: Bo Elberling (20162019): DKK 5.0 mio. International funding Austrian Science Fund (FWF): Erwin-S CENPERM staff Researchers Ambus Per Lennart Professor Andersen Thorbjørn J. Professor Danielsen Birgitte Research assistant Elberling Bo Professor, Director Faucherre Samuel Research assistant Friborg Thomas Associate professor Hansen Birger Ulf Associate professor Hollesen Jørgen CENPERM staff PhD students Baggesen Nanna PhD student Cable Stefanie PhD student Faucherre Samuel PhD student Fenger-Nielsen Rasmus PhD student Karami Mojtaba PhD student Kramshøj Magnus PhD student Pedersen Emily Pickering PhD student Permin Aya PhD student Rasmussen Laura H. PhD s ANNUAL REPORT 2018 The Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF) is an independent organization established by the Danish Parliament in 1991 with the objective to promote and stimulate basic research at the highest international level at the frontiers of all scientific fields. The Center of Excell