Sorry, the publication can not be displayed.

*** II *** *** THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2008 THE DAILY TELEGRAPH | *** CAREERS IN ENGINEERING GOING UNDERGROUND The Daily Telegraph INTO THE DEEP N early 200 years ago, Marc Brunel (father of Isambard Kingdom) revolutionised tunnel construction when building the Thames Tunnel — the first to use a shield to support the earth before a permanent lining was installed. Today, British engineers are still proving why, when it comes to constructing underground lines, they are still among the best in the world. The latest project upholding this proud tradition is the construction of the 27km-long Large Hadron Collider at CERN (the European Organisation for Nuclear Research) on the SwissFrench border. British civil engineering firms played a huge part in designing and building the world’s most powerful particle accelerator and have been involved in CERN projects for 13 years. They have included Knight Piesold (now Scott Wilson), Gibb (now Jacobs), Howard Humphreys (now KBR Tunnels), Taylor Woodrow and Amec. British tunnelling engineers are also playing their part in the construction of the £16bn Crossrail London railway link, with work due to start in 2010. The Thames Tideway project, which will broaden London’s sewerage system, is another initiative requiring their skills. Crossrail alone is expected to create 20,000 jobs. “We are entering a boom time for the tunnelling industry in the UK ,with a range of significant new projects happening that will improve existing ageing facilities or provide additional capacity,” says Paul Hoyland, chairman of the British Tunnelling Society. “There is likely to be a shortage of engineers and construction personnel.” So what kind of skills do you need to construct these significant holes in the ground? “Projects like THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER IS THE LATEST PROJECT TO CALL UPON THE EXPERTISE OF BRITAIN’S TUNNEL ENGINEERS. BY BARBARA LANTIN Facing vast challenges means risk assessment is also an integral part of the process. “A lot of ‘what if?’ thinking goes on,” says French. “Modern projects often use specialised tunnel boring machines (TBMs). These huge and very sophisticated machines have to be designed for the anticipated ground conditions but problems can arise and, in extreme cases, the TBM might Pioneering spirit: working on the SPS accelerator at CERN in 1974. The proton beams sent through the Large Hadron Collider accelerated through here first become stuck.” this type of tunnelling is more The vast caverns at CERN, built Creating air supply rigorous than anywhere else in to house huge machines that Anyone who uses the London the world. We constantly measure Underground knows the monitor the smashing atoms, created their own challenges. The how much the tunnel is moving importance of ventilation in and compare it with what was largest — 85m long and 34m high tunnels. Many Tube tunnels are expected in the design process. If with a 30m span — was built into too small for trains with roofit is behaving oddly, additional soft sandstone and marl and mounted air-conditioning units, so support is added. Sprayed located near tunnels and caverns engineers are exploring ways of in use during the first construction concrete lining enables you to do pumping cold air into them. things that would be very difficult phase. This meant building the Understanding the way air moves using traditional methods.” roof before the floors and walls. through tunnel networks is also “It was a complex project and paramount to fire safety. Engineers have to factor in many having overcome such technical considerations when creating challenges, it is gratifying to see Keeping us safe underground structures, such as: this innovative project in action,” Disasters such as the 1999 fire in says Tony Miller, technical director the Mont Blanc road tunnel at Scott Wilson, which was between Italy and France, in which Predicting the future responsible for design and 41 people died, highlight the Investigating what is going on Bright prospects: an illuminated section of the Lærdal Tunnel in Norway construction supervision of the importance of emergency plans. beneath the earth’s surface is civil engineering works for the More recently, the fire in the the starting point for any largest cavern. Channel Tunnel brought safety tunnelling project. Geotechnical The industry is quick to learn issues back into focus. “If there is engineers must not only work from past problems. For instance, out what strata to bore through a fire in a transport tunnel, people In Istanbul… The longest sea tunnel is… sprayed concrete lining acquired may have to set foot in a tunnel and with what equipment, but The Marmaray tunnel that will be The Seikan Tunnel in Japan, a bad name after the collapse of they also need to assess potential for the first time in their lives,” constructed under the that runs under the Tsugaru the Heathrow Express tunnel says Alun Thomas of engineering geological hazards such Bosphorus Straits will cross Strait between the islands of during construction at Heathrow consultants Mott MacDonald. “In a as earthquakes and landslides. between Europe and Asia. The Hokkaido and Honshu. It is in 1994. But, as Alun Thomas of building you know to head for the “You cannot just collect data tunnel will be13.6 kilometres 53.85 kilometres long. It also engineering and development staircase in an emergecy. But in a from one location and assume long with a 1.4 kilometres lays claim to being the consultancy Mott MacDonald tunnel? That’s why means of that it will define the ground earthquake-proof tube immersed longest tunnel that goes explains, methods are hugely communication, such as lighting elsewhere,”explains David in the Bosphorus itself. beneath the sea. improved: “The way we control and signage, are crucial.” French of Atkins. ALAMY, SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY The longest road tunnel is… The Lærdal tunnel in Norway, which runs for 24.5kilometres. It is so long that engineers divided it into four sections fitted with 30metre-wide caverns lit with blue light to imitate breaks in it. The deepest sea tunnel is… The Eiksund Tunnel that joins the island of Hareidlandet with mainland Norway. It dives to an incredible depth of 287m below sea level. The largest sewage tunnel is… Revolutionary: Marc Brunel these require multidisciplinary design services,” says David French, managing director of geotechnics and tunnelling at Atkins. “Civil, geotechnical, mechanical and electrical engineering skills will be in demand, as will workers in other areas, such as architecture and the environmental arena.” DID YOU KNOW THAT: Chicago’s Deep Tunnel system. It has 176km of tunnels and has captured hundreds of billions of gallons of sewer overflows since 1985. The longest Tube tunnel is… The SerpukhovskoTimiryazevskaya Line, a 45.1km tunnel that runs north to south through the heart of Moscow. *** *** THE DAILY TELEGRAPH *** *** Tunnels of love THE BRITISH ENGINEERS WHO ARE ADORED THE WORLD OVER page 2 From snowboards to iPods THE CAREER THAT MAKES YOUR WORLD WORK page 5 Champions’ league BUILDING THE WORLD’S SPORTS STADIA page 8 PHOTOLIBRARY Engineering CAREERS IN THURSDAY, O *** II *** *** THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2008 THE DAILY TELEGRAPH | *** CAREERS IN ENGINEERING GOING UNDERGROUND The Daily Telegraph INTO THE DEEP N early 200 years ago, Marc Brunel (father of Isambard Kingdom) revolutionised tunnel construction when building the Thames Tunnel — the first to use *** *** THE DAILY TELEGRAPH THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2008 *** *** | III The Daily Telegraph GRADUATES CAREERS IN ENGINEERING WATERAID/MARCO BETTI MAKING A DIFFERENCE: ENGINEERING SOCIAL CHANGE IF WORKING ON ETHICAL PROJECTS IS TOP OF YOUR AGENDA, THERE ARE SOME EXCELLENT GRADUATE SCHEMES OFFERING Y *** IV *** *** THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2008 THE DAILY TELEGRAPH | *** *** *** THE DAILY TELEGRAPH THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2008 *** *** | V The Daily Telegraph INDUSTRY OVERVIEW CAREERS IN ENGINEERING FROM CREATING HI-TECH SPORTS EQUIPMENT TO DEVELOPING SPACE SATELLITES, AN ENGINEERING DEGREE CAN EQUIP YOU FOR A VARIETY OF CAREER PATHS, SAYS THEA JOURDAN MAKING THE *** VI *** *** THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2008 THE DAILY TELEGRAPH | *** CAREERS IN ENGINEERING ENTREPRENEURS The Daily Telegraph THE B SHOW STEALING THERE ARE GOOD SUPPORT NETWORKS FOR SMART-THINKING ENGINEERS WHO ARE KEEN TO MAKE THEIR IDEAS CENTRE STAGE, SAYS PENELOPE RANCE ritish engineering h *** *** THE DAILY TELEGRAPH THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2008 *** *** | VII The Daily Telegraph INNOVATION CAREERS IN ENGINEERING Royal Academy of Engineering. This enables students to have contact with engineers who are established entrepreneurs or those who are developing their own ideas. Attendees ar *** VIII *** *** THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2008 THE DAILY TELEGRAPH | *** CAREERS IN ENGINEERING PUBLIC PROJECTS JULIAN ANDREWS, CORBIS, EPA, The Daily Telegraph HE THE STADIA SUPREMO Top views: from left, the Bird’s Nest stadium; the Allianz Arena, Munich; impression of the London 2012 Velodrom