Fig. 4 System of exchanging clams which secure food safety at Tannowa clamming park (Modified from [3}
of visitors to clamming parks has now
recovered.
This is a success story of how to
mitigate socio-economic impact on recreational clamming in Osaka prefecture
due to PST. Thanks to the initiatives and
careful measures to ensure safety by the
operators and the understanding of the
Osaka prefectural government, opportunities for recreational clamming have
continued to be provided even when
shellfish toxin exceeding the regulatory
limit is detected. The complete absence
of any poisoning cases from clamming
parks is what has made this mechanism possible. Shiohigari has recreational, cultural, and educational values
for citizens in Japan. How can we pass
on the traditional culture of Shiohigari
to the next generation given the spread
of shellfish toxins as well as the critical
status of clam resources? This is one of
the most urgent issues facing Japan if
we are to prevent a further decrease in
the number of people enjoying and being interested in the sea.
Marine recreation such as Shiohigari has a strong influence on enhancing peoples behaviours around marine
conservation [5]. Thus, the exchange
system of clams at clamming parks
will have an effect not only on mitigating the socio-economic impact PST but
also on promoting peoples willingness
to conserve the marine environment by
continuously providing opportunities
for Shiohigari. Although introduction of
HARMFUL ALGAE NEWS NO. 67 / 2021
the exchange system at clamming parks
is still limited, park operators in other
prefectures might become interested if
PST over the regulatory limit becomes
more widely spread and more frequently detected. For Shiohigari to succeed,
further study on social acceptance of
the clam-exchange measures is necessary, as is a better understanding of the
challenges for securing food safety and
the continued operation of clamming
parks.
3. Wakita K & M Maruyama 2020. J Sch
Mar Sci Tech Tokai Univ 18: 11-20
4. Wakita K & Y Fukuyo 2020. J Coastal
Zone Studies: 33 (3): 595. Wakita K et al 2014. Mar Policy 46:
53-60
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to interviewees from
Tannnowa Fisheries Cooperative and
Nishikinohama Tourism Association for
their invaluable talk about the history
of operations at the clamming parks. Interviews were supported by a research
grant from the Institute for Food and
Health Science, Yazuya Co., Ltd. I would
also like to thank Yasuwo Fukuyo for his
guidance on my research on socio-economic aspects of harmful algal blooms.
Special thanks are extended to John
Dolan for his kind proofreading.
Author
Kazumi Wakita, School of Marine Science
and Technology, Tokai University, Shizuoka,
Japan
Email corresponding author:
kazumiw@tokai-u.jp
References
1. Imai I &S Itakura S 2014. In: Advanced
researches on shellfish poisonings: Current status and overview (Kouseisha
Kouseikaku), 9-18 (In Japanese)
2. Yamamoto K et al 2017. Bull Plankton
Soc Japan 64 (1): 1121 (In Japanese
with English abstract)
3
Harmful Algae News An IOC Newsletter on Toxic Algae and Algal Blooms No. 67 - April 2021 www.ioc-unesco.org/hab SHIOHIGARI and PSP toxins in Japan: Initiatives to save traditional recreatio nal clam picking Shiohigari has been enjoyed by people in Japan for centuries, as depicted in the Japanese a
Fig. 2 Clamming parks in Osaka Prefecture (Modified from a digital map of The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan) ingly, they had developed the exchange system to secure viability of their operations before 2002 when PST exceeding the regulatory limit were first detected in clams from seas a
Fig. 4 System of exchanging clams which secure food safety at Tannowa clamming park (Modified from [3} of visitors to clamming parks has now recovered. This is a success story of how to mitigate socio-economic impact on recreational clamming in Osaka prefecture due to PST. Thanks to the initiatives
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