Table1 1- List - List the macroalgaecommunity communityspecies species Table ofof the macroalgae ITSA and ITSB primers [6]. Phylogenetic analysis (not Asparagopsis armata Corallina sp. shown) revealed that all the Caulacanthus ustulatus Cystoseira sp. studied sequences grouped Ceramiacea Derbesia sp in the Ostreopsis cf. siamensis clade. The highest cell denCeramium spp. Dictyota dichotoma sity, 1.04 x 105 cells g-1 DW Champia sp. Gelidium pusillum (3.4 x 104 cells g-1 FW) was Champia parvula Gracilaria foliifera found at station G. The geographical distribution of the Cladostephus spongiosus Halopteris scoparia samples identifies this site Codium tomentosum Rhodomelaceae as a hotspot, with densities Colpomenia sp. Ulva spp. of O. cf. siamensis decreasing to the east and west of were isolated under the microscope, us- station G (Fig. 3). The cell density in the ing a glass micropipette and placed into water column at this site was 2.1 x 103 wells of a 24-multiwell plate with 1 mL cells L-1. of filtered seawater enriched with f/20The densities reported here are low Si medium, kept under a 12:12 L/D cy- compared with those reported for O. cle. cf. ovata in the Mediterranean Sea (5.3 Ostreopsis spp. density (cells L-1) in x 104 cells L-1 [7]; 6.8 x 104 cells L-1 [8]; the water column was estimated us- 8.54 x 106 cells g-1 FW [8]; 1.3 x 106 cells ing the Utermöhl method and that of g-1FW and 1.6 x 107 cells g-1DW [9]). epiphytic cells with a Sedgwick-Rafter However, reports of Ostreopsis cf. siachamber, and results expressed as cells mensis blooms in the Atlantic and Medig-1 FW and cells g-1 DW of macroalgae. terranean are rare. To our knowledge, For the macroalgae DW estimates, sam- only two reports have been published ples were dried for at least 24 hours at before: one from the Atlantic coast of 60o C. Five strains were established in Morocco (3.7 x 103 - 10-5 cells L-1) [10] culture and are kept in the Algal Culture and the other from Tunisia (3.75 x 104 Collection of the University of Lisbon cells L-1) in the Mediterranean [11]. (ALISU). As Ostreopsis spp. are known Work on the toxicity of O. cf. siamensis to be cryptic species, molecular analy- has shown nearly undetectable levels of ses were performed for species iden- palytoxin per cell [12], thus the species tification. About 30 mL of each culture represents a low risk for the environwere centrifuged, and the rDNA from ment and human health. These findings the pellet was extracted, amplified and suggest that blooms may go unnoticed sequenced. Amplification of the ITS1- due to the lack of apparent harmful ef5.8S-ITS2 rDNA was performed with fects. O. cf. siamensis was first detected on the West coast of Iberia in 2008 [13] and has since been regularly detected at very low concentrations. In the present work, we report for the first time, bloom densities of an Ostreopsis species on the West coast of Iberia. This raises questions regarding the environmental conditions that may trigger these blooms and how these may be related to the present trend of ocean warming. Very little is known on the ecology of O. cf. siamensis and more work is needed to better understand the distribution and bloom dynamics of this species in temperate waters. Acknowledgements Thanks to the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) for funding through strategic projects UID/MAR/04292/2013 and UID/ AMB/50017 /2013, and to Project Crassoreab Mar2020 Nr16-02-01FMP-0050. H. David acknowledges FCT funding SFRH/BPD/121365/2016. The help of students from the Biologia Fitoplâncton course with sampling efforts is appreciated. References 1. Vila M et al 2016. Sci Mar 80, S1: 107115 2. Vila M et al 2008. In: Proc 12th ICHA, UNESCO, Copenhagen, pp 334336 3. David H et al 2012. HAN 45: 12-13 4. Ramos et al 2015. Toxins 7: 2514-2533 5. David H et al 2013. Harmful Algae 30: 44-55 6. Adachi et al 1994. J Phycol 30: 857-863 7. Carnicer et al 2015. Crypt-Algol 36: 101119 8. Cohu et al 2013. Harmful Algae 24: 32-44 9. Accoroni et al 2011. Mar Pollut Bull 62: 2512-2519 10. Bennouna A et al 2010. HAN 42: 1,3 11. Turki S et al. 2010 HAN 42: 4-5 12. Ciminiello P et al 2013. Harmful Algae 23: 19-27 13. Amorim A et al 2010. HAN 42: 6-7 Authors Helena David, Patrícia Nascimento, Ricardo Melo & Ana Amorim, MARE e Dept. de Biologia Vegetal Maria Filomena Caeiro, CESAM e Dept. de Biologia Vegetal, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal Corresponding author: hidavid@fc.ul.pt 12 Fig. 3. Densities of epiphytic Ostreopsis cf. siamensis cells in grams per dry weight. HARMFUL ALGAE NEWS NO. 60 / 2018 Harmful Algae News An IOC Newsletter on Toxic Algae and Algal Blooms No. 60 - July 2018 www.ioc-unesco.org/hab Marine eukaryote and HAB monitoring in Japan with next generation technology Sequencing technologies such as Illumina MiSeq have made it possible to obtain billions of sequence reads in a Frequency distribution (%) the surface data was used in this study. Surface seawater (0.5 L) was collected weekly with a plastic bucket during the same period. For MPS-based monitoring based on amplicon-seq of 18S-rRNA gene (V79 region), PCR amplification and 454 pyrosequencing were performed accor Inland Sea, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-045, Japan Hiroshi Shimada, Central Fisheries Research Institute of Hokkaido Research Organization, Hamanaka-cho 238, Yoichi, Hokkaido 0468555, Japan Seiji Katakura, City of Mombetsu, Kaiyo-koryukan, Kaiyo-koen, Mombetsu, Hokkaido 094-0031, Jap Quantifying dinoflagellate cysts in bottom sediments: a response to Anderson 2018 Problems associated with quantifying dinoflagellate cysts in bottom sediments featured prominently in Don Anderson s personal retrospective view of his contribution to the early days of HAB cyst research published rece viously, sample sites should be chosen to avoid such areas if possible. Clearly, there is room for questions or criticism when this dynamic system is modelled from the assumption that bottom sediments, for example in Anderson s work in The Gulf of Maine, are in a static stable condition whereby a sa Contribution of marine invertebrates to Ciguatera poisoning : the case study of French Polynesia Reported as early as the 15th century by explorers, ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is the most prominent non-bacterial seafood poisoning worldwide. Widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, CFP res au développement du phytoplancton ciguatérigène en Polynésie française: CARISTO-Pf n7937/MSR/REC of 4th of December 2015 and Arrêté nHC/491/ DIE/BPT of 30th March 2016). Figure 2. Comparison of Pacific ciguatoxins (P-CTXs) profiles in A) in vitro cultures of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (TB-92 [14]) Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology for field monitoring of Gambierdiscus toxins with passive samplers Ciguatera poisoning is a seafood intoxication classically associated with the consumption of tropical coral reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs), although some marine Fig. 2. Summary of the results demonstrating that SPATT passive sampling could advantageously contribute to the reinforcement of ciguateric risk assessment and management programmes as a supplementary tool. or of very low densities of toxic Gambierdiscus cells. However, CTXs were detected in numero New limits of Ostreopsis distribution in the Bay of Biscay: a first report of Ostreopsis in Santander Bay, Cantabria (Northern Spain) Fig. 1. Location of sampling sites The genus Ostreopsis encompasses benthic dinoflagellates that represent one of the main microalgal threats for beach tourism in w Bloom of Ostreopsis cf. siamensis in Lisbon Bay Fig. 1. Sampling sites on Lisbon Bay Reports of benthic HAB events have increased during the last decade in temperate regions. These have been associated with proliferations of benthic toxic dinoflagellates, in particular species of Ostreopsis. The M Table1 1- List - List the macroalgaecommunity communityspecies species Table ofof the macroalgae ITSA and ITSB primers [6]. Phylogenetic analysis (not Asparagopsis armata Corallina sp. shown) revealed that all the Caulacanthus ustulatus Cystoseira sp. studied sequences grouped Ceramiacea Derbesia s A possible link between the breakdown of a fertilizer tank and a toxic Pseudonitzschia bloom fishery, leaving toxic blooms undetected in other areas. By the time of the bloom, the diatom community primarily consisted of P. seriata (Fig. 3). Identification of P. seriata as the potential culprit diat Fig. 3. Pseudo-nitzschia seriata TEM micrograph of the poroid structure arranged within the striae consisting of two outer rows of larger poroids and one or two inner rows of smaller poroids. induce DA production in P. australis [7], and the most potent DA-inducing N form has been shown to be urea. Golden alga Prymnesium parvum Carter bloom off Azhikode, southwest India In September 2009, during the southwest monsoon season, a quasi-monospecific bloom of Prymnesium parvum was collected off Azhikode (10o 11 02 N; 76o 09 22 E), on the southwest coast of India (Fig. 1). A conspicuous pale browni Regional Workshop on Monitoring and Management Strategies for Benthic HABs if possible, establish tools for standardized procedures. The exercise is open to the entire international community. The goal of achieving improved assessments of the risks associated with BHABs will help reduce the health, Workshop on morpho-molecular methods for the study of dinoflagellate cysts A workshop on techniques for the morphological and molecular identification of cysts from toxic HAB species, led by Drs Kenneth Neil Mertens, Kirsty Smith, Lesley Rhodes and Lincoln MacKenzie, was held recently at the Cawthro Cawthron Summer Scholar Explores Bloom-Forming Freshwater Cyano bacteria Globally, cyanobacteria blooms in freshwater environments are causing water quality problems and health risks with increasing frequency. New Zealand is no stranger to this, suffering from blooms of toxin-producing cyanobacteria Canadian HAB Scientists Hold Workshop to Establish National Priorities and Develop Research Network A National Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) workshop was organized and chaired by Dr. Ian Perry at the Institute of Ocean Sciences (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Sidney, British Columbia, July 11- Joint FAO, IAEA, IOC and WHO Technical Meeting for the development of an InterAgency Global Ciguatera Strategy Harmful Algae News has previously brought information on an initiative between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Environment Laboratories in Monaco jointly with the Oceanographi 12th Advanced Phytoplankton Course - APC 12 Identification, Taxonomy, Systematics Roscoff Biological Station (France) - 19th May to 8th June 2019 APC12 is organized by the Station Biologique de Roscoff together with the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn and the IOC Science and Communication Centre on H ICHA 2018 News: 669 abstracts evaluated ! 250 orals + 45 ignite talks selected and participants notified ICHA 2018 News: 669 abstracts evaluated ! 9 plenaries confirmed 250 orals + 45 ignite talks selected and participants notified 3 satellite sessions 9 plenaries confirmed 3 satellite sessions